different between abacus vs fleuron

abacus

English

Etymology

From Late Middle English abacus, abagus, agabus (abacus; art of counting with an abacus), from Latin abacus, abax (sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games) (compare Late Latin abacus (art of arithmetic)), from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax, counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew ???? (?v?q, dust) and Phoenician -??????????????????? (-??b??q). The English word is cognate with Catalan àbac (counting board; mathematical table; board covered with sand for drawing; checkerboard or chessboard; table), Old French abac, Middle French abaque (French abaque (counting board; art of arithmetic; slab at the top of a column)), Italian abaco (counting board; multiplication table; art of counting; type of table; slab at the top of a column), Portuguese ábaco, Spanish ábaco. Doublet of abaque.

The plural form abaci is from Latin abac?.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /?æb?k?s/
  • Hyphenation: aba?cus
  • The plural abaci:
    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?æb?ka?/, /-sa?/
    • (General American) IPA(key): /?æb??ka?/, /-?sa?/
    • Hyphenation: aba?ci

Noun

abacus (plural abaci or abacuses)

  1. (historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]
  2. A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]
  3. (architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]
  4. (Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments for holding bottles, cups, or the like; a kind of buffet, cupboard, or sideboard. [from late 18th c.]

Hyponyms

  • soroban (Japanese)
  • suanpan (Chinese)

Related terms

  • abaciscus (archaic)
  • abacist
  • abaculus (archaic)
  • abaque

Translations

Notes

References

Further reading

  • abacus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • abacus (architecture) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • abacus (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • abacus in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
  • Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002) , “abacus”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, ?ISBN, page 2
  • Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], ?ISBN), page 2
  • Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “abacus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /??.ba?.k?s/
  • Hyphenation: aba?cus

Noun

abacus m (plural abaci or abacussen, diminutive abacusje n)

  1. (arithmetic) abacus (arithmetic calculation device, usually with beads on rods)
    Synonyms: rekentafel, telraam
  2. (architecture) abacus (upper portion of a column's capital)

Latin

Alternative forms

  • abax

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???? (ábax, board).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /?a.ba.kus/, [?äbäk?s?]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?a.ba.kus/, [???b?kus]

Noun

abacus m (genitive abac?); second declension

  1. square board
  2. sideboard
  3. counting board, abacus
  4. gaming board
  5. A painted ceiling or wall panel.
  6. panel
  7. tray

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Descendants

References

  • ?b?cus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • abacus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • abacus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • abacus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • abacus in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?[1]
  • abacus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • abacus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  • Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). ?ISBN. page 1.

Middle English

Alternative forms

  • abagus

Etymology

From Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax)

Noun

abacus

  1. abacus

References

  • “abacus, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

abacus From the web:

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fleuron

English

Etymology

From Old French floron (flower), spelling later changed to match modern French fleuron.

Pronunciation

  • (General American) IPA(key): /?fl???n/, /?flu??n/, /?fl??n/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?fl(j)????n/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): /?fl(j)???n/

Noun

fleuron (plural fleurons)

  1. An ornament or knob in the shape of a flower
    Coordinate term: finial
  2. (architecture) The small flower at the centre of each side of a Corinthian abacus; a flos.
  3. (typography) The typographic element (?), used as a punctuation mark or for decoration.

References


French

Etymology

From Old French floron, fleur +? -on, architectural sense probably influenced by Italian fiorone.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /flœ.???/

Noun

fleuron m (plural fleurons)

  1. (crown) jewel
  2. (architecture) fleuron, finial
  3. (typography) fleuron
  4. (botany) floret
  5. (figuratively) jewel, emblem

Further reading

  • “fleuron” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

References


Romanian

Etymology

From French fleuron.

Noun

fleuron m (plural fleuroni)

  1. fleuron

Declension

fleuron From the web:

  • what does fleuron mean in french
  • what does fleurons mean
  • what is fleuron
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  • what does mon fleuron mean
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