different between abacus vs abaci

English

Etymology

From Late Middle English abacus, abagus, agabus (“abacus; art of counting with an abacus”), from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew ???? (?v?q, “dust”) and Phoenician -??????????????????? (-??b??q). The English word is cognate with Catalan àbac (“counting board; mathematical table; board covered with sand for drawing; checkerboard or chessboard; table”), Old French abac, Middle French abaque (French abaque (“counting board; art of arithmetic; slab at the top of a column”)), Italian abaco (“counting board; multiplication table; art of counting; type of table; slab at the top of a column”), Portuguese ábaco, Spanish ábaco. Doublet of abaque.

The plural form abaci is from Latin abac?.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /?æb?k?s/
• Hyphenation: aba?cus
• The plural abaci:
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?æb?ka?/, /-sa?/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /?æb??ka?/, /-?sa?/
  • Hyphenation: aba?ci

Noun

abacus (plural abaci or abacuses)

1. (historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]
2. A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]
3. (architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]
4. (Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments for holding bottles, cups, or the like; a kind of buffet, cupboard, or sideboard. [from late 18th c.]

Hyponyms

• soroban (Japanese)
• suanpan (Chinese)

Related terms

• abaciscus (archaic)
• abacist
• abaculus (archaic)
• abaque

Translations

Notes

References

Further reading

• abacus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• abacus (architecture) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• abacus (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• abacus in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002) , “abacus”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, ?ISBN, page 2
• Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], ?ISBN), page 2
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “abacus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.ba?.k?s/
• Hyphenation: aba?cus

Noun

abacus m (plural abaci or abacussen, diminutive abacusje n)

1. (arithmetic) abacus (arithmetic calculation device, usually with beads on rods)

   Synonyms: rekentafel, telraam

2. (architecture) abacus (upper portion of a column's capital)

Latin

Alternative forms

• abax

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???? (ábax, “board”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?a.ba.kus/, [?äbäk?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?a.ba.kus/, [???b?kus]

Noun

abacus m (genitive abac?); second declension

1. square board
2. sideboard
3. counting board, abacus
4. gaming board
5. A painted ceiling or wall panel.
6. panel
7. tray

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Descendants

References

• ?b?cus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• abacus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• abacus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• abacus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• abacus in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?^[1]
• abacus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• abacus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). ?ISBN. page 1.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• abagus

Etymology

From Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ???? (ábax)

Noun

abacus

1. abacus

References

• “abacus, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

English

Etymology

From Latin abac?.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?æb?ka?/, /-sa?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?æb??ka?/, /-?sa?/
• Hyphenation: aba?ci

Noun

abaci

1. plural of abacus

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??b??i/
• Hyphenation: a?ba?ci

Noun

abáci m (plural abcitté f or abiicá f or abaacá f or aboocá f)

1. Alternative form of abíc

Declension

Usage notes

• The plural abcitté and abiicá are used in the southern dialects, whereas abaacá and aboocá are used in the northern dialects.

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) , “abàci”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, ?ISBN
• Didier Morin (2012) , “ABACI”, in Dictionnaire afar-français (Djibouti, Erythrée, Ethiopie), Karthala, ?ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

Etymology

From Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abb?tia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aba?t?si]

Noun

abaci f (indefinite plural abací, definite singular abacía, definite plural abacítë)

1. abbacy, jurisdiction of an abbot
2. abbey

Declension

Related terms

• abat m

Further reading

• [2] noun abaci (indef./sg. abací; def./sg. abacía; indef./pl. abací; def./pl. abacítë) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

abaci

1. plural of abacus

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?a.ba.ki?/, [?äbäki?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?a.ba.t??i/, [???b?t??i]

Noun

abac? m

1. genitive singular of abacus
2. nominative plural of abacus
3. vocative plural of abacus

Noun

abac? m

1. dative singular of abax